In this paper, we consider incidences of arrears to the IMF, focusing on protracted arrears cases and attempt to identify determinants of their occurrence. We use narrative and formal methods. In addition, we analyze determinants of the duration of arrears. We find that previous arrears,...

This study investigates the distributional effects of international organizations within their member countries. It addresses the issue empirically by examining the causal effect of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs on income inequality. Introducing a new instrumental variable for IMF...

The impact of the policies advocated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Africa are under increased scrutiny. African scholars and international NGOs concerned with Africa's development have asked whether the policies imposed by the World Bank and IMF in Africa have...

The aim of the research paper is to provide analytical discussion regarding the Brazilian financial collapse during the period 1998-1999. The paper initiates with an introductory paragraph, which apart from providing the reader with the reasons which have led towards selecting Brazil as the...

This appendix is an adjunct to the main report. It is not intended as a free-standing Country Program Evaluation (CPE) on the World Bank in Tonga. It provides additional underpinning and evidence for the overall story of the Bank's relevance and effectiveness in the PICs provided in the main...

Global growth, currently estimated at 3.1 percent in 2015, is projected at 3.4 percent in 2016 and 3.6 percent in 2017. The pickup in global activity is projected to be more gradual than in the October 2015 World Economic Outlook (WEO), especially in emerging market and developing economies

Policy conditionality has been a frequently used tool in the context of the Euro zone crisis management. By linking the disbursement of loan installments to specific policy requirements the macro-economic adjustment programmes used conditionality as leverage to promote structural reforms.How...

This paper aims to present comparative elements in the “development” programs of Egypt circa 2016 and Pakistan circa 2019. It argues that a clear pattern of IMF “assistance” improves each country's economic fundamentals from a foreign investor (particularly sovereign bond investor)...