This work takes stock, using a comparative approach, of the existing IMF and RFA toolboxes, and the related lending policies. The paper first aims to serve as a manual on IMF and RFA lending toolkits and policies. It also highlights the similarities and differences across institutions to...

This paper attempts to trace the development of, and critically analyze, the evolving surveillance mandate of the IMF from both a legal and policy perspective. Specifically, the paper contends that while the Second Amendment has always been important, the global financial crisis has profoundly...

The growth-at-risk (GaR) framework links current macrofinancial conditions to the distribution of future growth. Its main strength is its ability to assess the entire distribution of future GDP growth (in contrast to point forecasts), quantify macrofinancial risks in terms of growth, and monitor...

Public debt sustainability problems are widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa just 10 years after the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries-Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (HIPC-MDRI) debt write-off. At the same time, public investment needs for the Sustainable Development Goals remain vast. The...

After the ‘long and intense debate' in the 14th review, the IMF issued amendments on Quota and Governance Reform as well as Board Reform, including doubling the Quotas, shifting shares, protecting the representativeness of poorest members, abolishing the five appointed-directive system in the...

This paper studies the role of IMF-supported programs in mitigating the likelihood of subsequent sovereign defaults in borrowing countries. Using a panel of 106 developing countries from 1970 to 2016 and an entropy balancing methodology, we find that IMF-supported programs significantly reduce...

Continuing the empirical debate on the effects of IMF-supported programs on participatingcountries' macroeconomic performance, we focus on the issue of whether these programsaccelerate conditional ß-convergence among low-income countries (LICs). We use anunbalanced panel dataset for 85 LICs...

Structural adjustment is large scale assistance in the form of finances to the developing countries from the two Breton Wood financial institutes namely World Bank and IMF both the donor agencies are working for the betterment of developing economies like Pakistan. Basic aim of the given study...

This paper studies the impact of expenditure conditionality in IMF programs on the composition of public spending. A granular dataset on different government expenditure conditions covering 115 countries for the 1992-2016 period is compiled. The results support the view that while conditionality...

This article introduces an original panel dataset based on the text of country reports by the International Monetary Fund. It consists of a total of 5561 Article IV consultation and program review documents, published between 2004 and 2018 on 201 countries. The text of these reports provide...