This paper examines how IMF policies contribute to the inequality in MENA, and to a Middle-Income Trap (MIT). Developing a theory expanding Acemoglu and Robinson's "Narrow Corridor" framework, it shows how IMF conditions align domestic elite incentives with creditor interests through a...

This paper examines how IMF policies contribute to the inequality in MENA, and to a Middle-Income Trap (MIT). Developing a theory expanding Acemoglu and Robinson's "Narrow Corridor" framework, it shows how IMF conditions align domestic elite incentives with creditor interests through a...

Mozambique is becoming recognised as an emerging hub for cocaine trafficking, with links stretching back to Brazil. The arrest of a well-known associate of Brazil's Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) suggests the emergence of a new 'lusophone route' driven by the group. Mozambique's connection to...

Mozambique is becoming recognised as an emerging hub for cocaine trafficking, with links stretching back to Brazil. The arrest of a well-known associate of Brazil's Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) suggests the emergence of a new 'lusophone route' driven by the group. Mozambique's connection to...

Most workers in the developing world do not receive the benefits they are legally entitled to. Why, then, is there so little public enforcement? This paper argues that this is partly because of a lack of an autonomous and professional bureaucracy. Using a novel dataset with objective measures of...

Most workers in the developing world do not receive the benefits they are legally entitled to. Why, then, is there so little public enforcement? This paper argues that this is partly because of a lack of an autonomous and professional bureaucracy. Using a novel dataset with objective measures of...