This paper studies the risk-return trade-off in some of the main emerging stock markets in the world. Although previous studies on emerging markets were not able to show a positive and significant trade-off, favorable evidence can be obtained if a nonlinear framework between return and risk is...

In this paper, we modelize a criminal organization as an agency where the Principal and the Agent have different sensibilities towards the risk of arrestation and punishment, and at the same time have different skills with respect to general organization tasks, crime realization or detection...