Explanations for the West's escape from premature mortality have focused on chronic malnutrition or income and on public health or state capacity. We argue that by ignoring the multigenerational effects of variance in ancestors' harvests, we are underestimating the contribution of modern...

We estimate doctor value-added (VA) combining population-wide patient-doctor register data with exogenous variation in the assignment of patients to GPs. We find substantial variation in the quality of GPs as measured by patients' post-assignment mortality. Certain doctor characteristics and...

Perú tops the global ranking in terms of mortality rates from COVID-19. This study explores the effects of geographic proximity to overburdened hospitals on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 crisis in Perú. By using microdata along with a difference-in-differences approach, the...

The Government of Mongolia is committed to reducing the gender gap in life expectancy. Reducing the gender gap in life expectancy is an explicit objective of Mongolia's Cross-Sectoral Strategic Plan for Promoting Gender Equality in Mongolia (2022-31). The first plan to reduce the disparity in...

As life expectancy increases, pension plans face growing longevity risk. Standardized longevity-linked securities such as survivor contracts allow pension plans to transfer this risk to capital markets. However, more consensus is needed on the appropriate mortality model and premium principle to...