investigate whether the differences between distinguished clusters result from the stringency of government anti-COVID-19 policy … separately. We group the countries into four clusters in terms of stringency level of government anti-COVID-19 policy and six …

The first stream of economic studies on public policy responses during the COVID-19 pandemic focused on the stringency … stringency indicators are compiled, and the stringency of fines is evaluated in a comparative context, among the countries … considered. Consequently, the fine stringency is incorporated into a regression analysis with various epidemiological …

levels, government response stringency index and number of confirmed cases, and employ stock prices and stock market returns … to reflect the stock market. Our research results confirm that both the government response stringency index and the … of the stock market to the government response stringency index is greater than that from confirmed cases. Finally, we …