character and stringency of immigration policies. Based on a selection of data for six pilot countries between 1990 and 2008, we … immigration policies; and aggregation procedures that allow for gauging the stringency of immigration regulations comparatively. …

character and stringency of immigration policies. Based on a selection of data for six pilot countries between 1990 and 2008, we … immigration policies; and aggregation procedures that allow for gauging the stringency of immigration regulations comparatively. …

dirty goods to less polluting sectors may also be influenced by changes in policy stringency, trade information on primary … pollution abatement costs, separate measures for pollution intensity and policy stringency are implemented. For the latter an … internationally comparable, sector-specific measure of climate policy stringency is derived using a shadow price approach. Endogeneity …

character and stringency of immigration policies. Based on a selection of data for six pilot countries between 1990 and 2008, we … immigration policies; and aggregation procedures that allow for gauging the stringency of immigration regulations comparatively. …

stringency. However, we also find large variation in health during periods when no changes to formal eligibility criteria have …

location. Specifically, environmental stringency should decrease exports and increase imports of dirty goods. This paper … support to the pollution haven hypothesis, i.e. environmental stringency is not found to affect significantly total trade, or …