Artículo de revista ; The tax incentive enjoyed by workplace pension schemes could encourage participants to increase their total savings or, alternatively, crowd out savings that would have materialised in other financial vehicles in the absence of this incentive. This article uses data from...

Artículo de revista ; The COVID-19 crisis has had a significant impact on the economy and affected Spanish businesses’ economic and financial situation, albeit with high sectoral heterogeneity. This article analyses how this crisis has affected business solvency and demographics in Spain by...

Artículo de revista ; The latest SAFE results show that the activity of Spanish SMEs continued to grow in the period from October 2021 to March 2022, albeit at a slower pace than six months earlier. The rise in costs prompted a deterioration in profits for most of these firms. Access to...

Artículo de revista ; This article presents the main results of the Survey of Household Finances 2020, which reflect the financial position of Spanish households at end-2020. These results are of particular interest, since they allow for overall analysis of the income, assets, debt and spending...

Artículo de revista ; This article examines the impact that some recent events (specifically, the surge in inflation rates and the war in Ukraine) are having on Spanish households’ economic expectations, using information from the European Central Bank’s Consumer Expectations Survey. The...

Artículo de revista ; Promoting e-mobility in the transport sector is essential for the transition to a low-emission economy. One of the goals of the Spanish programmes of incentives for efficient and sustainable mobility (MOVES) is to encourage the general public and firms to purchase electric...

The article examines industrial and services firms’ direct energy costs as a proportion of their turnover in 2019, differentiating by fuel type (electricity, natural gas and other fuels) and by firm size and economic sector. The analysis shows that the proportional expenditure on different...

Rationale Inflation has risen continuously since December 2020. The increase was initially confined to the energy component, but has subsequently spread to food and the other components. It is important to understand the extent to which the spread of inflation is the result of higher energy...

Artículo de revista ; The COVID-19 health crisis had a highly uneven impact across sectors and regions in 2020. However, there is hitherto little evidence regarding the heterogeneous impact of the crisis on different firms within each sector and region. This article provides an initial...

Artículo de revista ; In the year since the onset of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, the International Monetary Fund (IMF or the Fund) has granted loans and emergency financing to over 85 countries, an unprecedented number. In the past, a shock on this scale would have brought the issue of the...