This paper examines long-run linkages and possible instabilities in the gold–silver price relationship using daily futures prices over the period from 4 January 2010 to 28 November 2025. The empirical analysis includes unit-root and cointegration tests as well as endogenous structural break...

The key assumption of normally distributed error terms is usually not tested in empirical practice when using ordered probit models. Therefore, an artificial regression version of the LM test against the class of Pearson distributions is derived that can be implemented more easily than the...

Publication practices in the social sciences act as a filter that favors statistically significant results over null findings. While the problem of selection on significance (SoS) is well-known in theory, it has been difficult to measure its scope empirically, and it has been challenging to...

We present the R package MSTest, which implements hypothesis testing procedures to determine the number of regimes in Markov switching models. These models have wide ranging applications in economics, finance, and many other fields. MSTest provides several testing frameworks, including Monte...

Internal ratings-based models play a central role in bank risk management and regulatory capital determination, yet their validation remains methodologically challenging and operationally resourceintensive. In this paper, we contribute to the quantitative validation of probability of default...