Durch die gemeinsame Nutzung von Infrastrukturelementen, bezeichnet als Infrastructure Sharing, können Mobilfunknetzbetreiber Kosteneinsparungen realisieren. Diese sind in ihrer Höhe von verschiedenen Faktoren abhängig, bspw. davon, welche und wie viele Netzelemente gemeinsam genutzt werden,...

While the importance of both broadband itself and its speed increases in a whole society, the high cost of providing broadband as universal service at high speed still raises a question of whether to introduce the USO. Therefore, the introduction of broadband universal service at 100Mbps since...

Data and connectivity platforms play a key role in the digitalization of different sectors of our society. The availability of new services that are specialized to the needs of a given vertical sector in a specific location can significantly boost the business opportunities of that ecosystem. 5G...

This paper proposes an approach for the estimation of the cost contribution that FTTx broadband access networks make to the total service long-run incremental costs (LRIC) of the information services carried on these networks. The approach is applicable to the analysis of the techno-economic...

This paper analyzes the efficacy of the Universal Service Fund's High-Cost Support programs in achieving two of its formal aims—increased availability and comparable or improved service quality. In light of a narrowed rural digital divide, increased facilities-based competition, and...

In this research paper we have investigate and design the wide band amplifier using Complementary Compound Pair. The designing of wide band amplifier is planned for broad band applications with consuming very low power. Complementary Compound Pair is an innovative pair to provide large...

Purpose The main purpose of the present study was to improve and develop previously proposed models for Iran telecommunication networks. It should be noted that the six-dimensional (6D) sustainability model used in this study will be a useful and comprehensive model for industries. Since, the...