Transportation planning in forestry is divided into strategic, tactical and operational depending on the length of the planning horizon. We consider a tactical problem of finding efficient backhauling routes. Given a set of supply and demand points the backhauling problem is to identify a set of...

The ant system is a new meta-heuristic for hard combinatorial optimization problems. It is a population-based approach that uses exploitation of positive feedback as well as greedy search. It was first proposed for tackling the well known Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), but has been also...