This article provides a tutorial on how to implement technology dynamics in global optimisation energy models that are widely used for energy systems analysis. The tutorial draws from a series of modelling experiments conducted by several research groups cooperating in the framework of European...

Technology dynamics is endogenized into a bottom-up energy systems model. Mixed integer programming is used to incorporate into the model the non-convex relation between declining specific investment in energy technologies and overall experience or capacities installed. The initial results...

Firms can acquire competitive advantages by external learning. However, several interesting issues remain unresolved.First, existing studies validate the pivotal roles of incremental and radical innovations for firm performance (Zhou et al. 2005), and recent research suggests that the...