This article empirically assesses the effect of unobserved transaction costs for Nigerian farmers when investing in irrigation pumps. The unobserved stochastic threshold (UST) model popularly used in labor economics literature is applied, and is compared with two models, the Tobit and the...

Using the threshold auto-regressive (TAR) model, we set out in this study to determine whether any long-run equilibrium relationship exists between the stock and real estate markets of the European countries, with our empirical results revealing that such a long-term relationship does indeed...