Background: The classical mathematical formulation of the vendor-managed inventory (VMI) model assumes an infinite planning horizon, and consequently, the solution derived ignored the impact of the first cycle. The classical formulation is associated with another implicit assumption that input...

Time series, which emphasize the temporal characteristic of phenomena, are an important in the context of macro-economical analyses. Specific to the dynamic series is the fact that they are defi ned for complex entities, characterized by a high level of variation for indicators, including...