Time-dependent pattern entropy is a method that reduces variations to binary symbolic dynamics and considers the … exchange rates, in particular, the dollar–yen rate. The time-dependent pattern entropy of the dollar–yen rate was found to be …

, time-dependent pattern entropy is introduced, by which EEG is reduced to binary symbolic dynamics and the pattern of … decreased as sleep deepened. These results suggest that time-dependent pattern entropy may offer a promising method for future …