management department usually imposes a maximum value of the tracking error volatility (TEV) in order to keep the risk of the …

average model based on an Elton et al . (2002) to estimate if tracking error or pricing deviation are more relevant in ETF … FXB, −0.000014 percent. FXB is the only ETF with a negative tracking error. All six ETFs average intradaily pricing … funds’ pricing deviation than tracking error. Research limitations/implications – The paper uses high-frequency one …

management, Active Share and tracking error, to distinguish between the types of active management styles used by funds. Design … sources of active management, Active Share and tracking error. Then, the authors compare their return performance against … Active Share, tracking error, fund size and leverage. Therefore the paper is able to answer two of the fundamental questions …