For many years now, lack of progress in multilateral trade negotiations has been a major cause of concern among WTO members. With diversity in the economic situation of members and differences in their stages of development, delay in concluding trade agreements is inevitable. However, the...

The General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade facilitated liberal trade of goods globally by opening up domestic markets and reducing interference of states in trade. The proposition of the GATT to some extent meant curtailing sovereign powers of the state. Countries were cognizant of the fact...

A number of regional trade agreements (RTAs) include investment protection provisions that may limit a country’s ability to change tax measures. This limitation could raise concerns for States as regards the recently agreed global minimum tax under the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) Rules,...

In 2019, the European Commission presented the Green Deal as set of legislative and non-legislative proposals aiming to make the block net-zero in its emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050. To reduce the carbon footprint of EU imported consumption, the EU Deforestation Regulation proposes to...

Internationally, the significance of consumer protection transpired beyond the national frontiers with the adoption of the United Nations Guidelines on Consumer Protection (UNGCP) in 1985. Ever since, there had been various contributions by scholars on the question of consumer rights and their...

International law has traditionally evolved to settle legal disputes between States and private parties by providing for economic retaliation and demand for repatriation in case of trade in goods. When it comes to disputes between States diplomatic efforts have attempted to prevent trade...

This paper explores the ramifications of customs unions (CUs) for multilateral trade cooperation within an economic environment characterized by trade-volume volatility and in a competing-exporters framework. We demonstrate that the parallel formation of different CUs leads to a gradual but...

This comprehensive study delves into the tax reforms states adopt to safeguard their tax base and assesses potential conflicts with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. The topic gains prominence due to the growing significance of cross-border transactions on contemporary states' tax revenues....