With greater importance given to the climate change debate, energy has slowly attracted the complete attention of the whole world. The energy sector can be roughly divided into renewable energy, on the one hand, and fossil fuels, on the other. The former category is at the core of all the main...

This article examines the Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) under the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA). The aim of the paper is to appraise the DSM within the AfCFTA framework in terms of effectiveness or otherwise of using the DSM when the agreement comes into force. To...

Accession to the World trade organization provided Afghanistan a platform to resolve its transit-related problems via this organization. The assessment of the impact of the World trade organization agreement can result in a dynamic capability that enables the country to respond to uncertain and...

This article argues that WTO dispute settlement should address distortions of international trade law caused by contemporary state capitalism by controlling domestic measures for their compatibility with the object and purpose of the WTO. The article begins by examining EU countermeasures...

India and South Africa have proposed a waiver to temporarily suspend the protection of COVID-19 related intellectual property rights (hereinafter “WTO Waiver”) to the World Trade Organization (hereinafter “WTO”). However, disagreements largely between the developing and developed...

Unhappy with the rulings of the WTO dispute settlement system, which disproportionately targeted US use of trade remedies, the United States ended the entire system in 2019. There are multiple hurdles to agreeing to new terms of trade remedy use and thus potentially restoring some form of...

When it comes to services traded through the international movement of individuals (mode 4), Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have increasingly adopted trade-facilitating disciplines that both build upon and innovate the GATS framework. By analysing relevant provisions of RTAs, we are able to...