Evaporative cooling systems using a combination of evaporative pads and extractor fans require greenhouses to be hermetic. The greatest concentration of greenhouses in the world is located in southeast Spain, but these tend not to be hermetic structures and consequently can only rely on fogging...

This paper presents an experimental study of two mechanisms that influence incentives to reduce ambient pollution levels. In the formal mechanism individuals face a penalty if the group generates total pollution that exceeds a specified target, whereas in the informal mechanism individuals can...

Abstract This paper discusses market power effects in ambient permit markets. We consider a dominant firm in a position to exert market power in several markets. A first conclusion is that the distortion observed on manipulated markets spreads to other markets. We find that the manipulated...

This paper discusses market power effects in ambient permit markets. We consider a dominant firm in a position to exert market power in several markets. A first conclusion is that the distortion observed on manipulated markets spreads to other markets. We find that the manipulated prices could...

In the first paper we extended the van der Waals square gradient model for the equilibrium liquid–vapor interface to nonequilibrium systems. Both the density and the temperature depended on position and time. Heat transport and evaporation and condensation through the interface were described....

A single basin solar still (SBSS) is designed and constructed. A simple transient mathematical model is presented for the still. It is based on analytical solution of the energy-balance equations for different parts of the still. Analytical expressions for temperatures of different components...