Jonkeren, Olaf; Demirel, Erhan; Ommeren, Jos van; … - 2008
According to economic theory, imbalances in trade flows affect transport prices because (some) carriers have to return … without cargo from the low demand region to the high demand region. Therefore, transport prices in the high demand direction … have to exceed those in the low demand direction. This implies that transport costs, and therefore trade costs, are …