In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a datagenerating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in sample estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidencegenerating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation...

This paper develops a two-stage statistical analysis to identify and assess the effect of a sample bias associated with an individual's household role. Survey responses to questions about the respondent's role in household finances and a sampling design in which some households have all members...

Researchers interested in studying the frequency of events or behaviors among a population must rely on count data provided by sampled individuals. Often, this involves a decision between live event counting, such as a behavioral diary, and recalled aggregate counts. Diaries are generally more...

We propose an averaging rule that combines established minimum-variance strategies to minimize the expected out-of-sample variance. Our rule overcomes the problem of selecting the “best” strategy ex-ante and diversifies remaining estimation errors of the single strategies included in the...

Accurate counts of cases and deaths are critical for devising an optimal pandemic response. Yet, as the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, so too has the recognition that cases and deaths have been underreported, perhaps vastly so. Here, we present an econometric strategy to estimate the true...

Kotlarski's identity has been widely used in applied economic research based on repeated-measurement or panel models with latent variables. However, how to conduct inference for these models has been an open question for two decades. This paper addresses this open problem by constructing a novel...

This paper provides a test for completeness in a class of nonparametric specification with an additive and independent error term. It is known that such a nonparametric location family of functions is complete if and only if the characteristic function of the error term has no zeros on the real...