coupled with unemployment or underemployment among highly educated workers. While a shortage of skills (or under-education) is … the over-education/required education/undereducation (ORU) models on a cross section dataset of individuals employed (as a …

coupled with unemployment or underemployment among highly educated workers. While a shortage of skills (or under-education) is … the over-education/required education/undereducation (ORU) models on a cross section dataset of individuals employed (as a …

index (SMI), while traditional measures of undereducation and overeducation are used at the microeconomic level. At the … chances of undereducation, both gauged using the normative measure, but unfavourable during the global financial crisis of …

over- and under-education. We also find that earnings returns to required years of education exceed the returns with over …- and under-education, with a greater earnings penalty associated with under-education. We test hypotheses on three …

over- and under-education. We also find that earnings returns to required years of education exceed the returns with over …- and under-education, with a greater earnings penalty associated with under-education. We test hypotheses on three …

By making use of Duncan & Hoffman's empirical model, the economic returns to overeducation and undereducation are … education. Returns to overeducation are positive but smaller than those to required education. Years of undereducation result in … education, and the estimated coefficients of undereducation are non-significant for many countries. The results also suggest …