The process of the liberalisation of services of general economic interest (SGEI) in the EU adopted the universal service (US) regulatory model. The objectives of the process were to strengthen free competition and improve social welfare. SGEIs have the characteristic of networked services and,...

It is widely accepted that the pursuit of economic growth is becoming increasingly infeasible and undesirable, necessitating substantial changes to European economies. European economic activity in terms of emissions, resource use, pollution and impacts on biodiversity is ecologically...

This study seeks to provide a comprehensive description of the development and status (through 2008) of federal laws that oblige the United States Postal Service to provide a “universal postal service” throughout the United States. Since the term “universal postal service” has no legal...

Das Telekommunikationsgesetz (2021) garantiert das Recht auf eine Grundversorgung (Sprachdienste und Breitbandzugang) mit Telekommunikationsdienstleistungen an einem festen Standort. Die derzeit geltenden Mindestanforderungen an einen Breitbandanschluss wurden von der Bundesnetzagentur im Juni...

It is widely accepted that the pursuit of economic growth is becoming increasingly infeasible and undesirable, necessitating substantial changes to European economies. European economic activity in terms of emissions, resource use, pollution and impacts on biodiversity is ecologically...

This paper reproduces a chapter from the author’s 2018 PhD thesis ‘The Digital Donga: Universal Access and Service in South Africa (1994 - 2014)’. The author’s subsequent book Regulating Telecommunications in SA: Universal Access & Service was published by Palgrave Press in 2020, and can...

This chapter deals with the establishment of South Africa’s universal service fund, the country’s second major international best practice intervention aimed at providing universal access and service. The institutional arrangements governing the Fund, how contributions were levied, collected...

This chapter deals with the imposition and execution of universal service obligations on licensees, which was a key component of South Africa’s telecommunications reform policy and legislative framework. Rollout and connectivity targets were imposed on the fixed-line (soon to be partially...