How should land use regulators respond when their communities are economically deprived? Land use regulation typically is viewed as passive; projects proceed when criteria established by ordinances are satisfied, but are delayed or scuttled when parameters of building or zoning codes are unmet....

In recent years, Vietnam has intensified programmes aimed at building “rich, beautiful, and civilized” cities. The modernization of urban markets forms part of these efforts. This paper focuses on the contestations and negotiations surrounding the upgrade of a state-run market in the...