Walras' Law is one of the most important tenets of Neo-liberal economics. It is supposed to be a Tautological Identity according to which disequilibrium in market economies has a compensatory nature. Hence, disequilibrium in any market would imply an opposite imbalance somewhere else in the...

Many commentators claim Adam Smith failed to realize that no objective standard of value exists. Instead, he adhered to the labor theory of value. Like others, we argue that in the The Wealth of Nations Smith discussed the “early and rude state” in which the labor theory of value made some...

The Marxian labour theory of value considers labour as the only substance of value. The generalized commodity exploitation theorem (GCET) purports to demonstrate that many other commodities can be substances of value. This note argues that the GCET is based on two conceptual aws: (a) failure to...

We present a novel descriptive model of choice that achieves an efficient representation anchored to how the brain represents value. An individual's behavior is fully described by two primitives: an individual's "reward expectation'' and a free parameter we call "predisposition''. We demonstrate...

This text is inscribed in the debates raised by the new and growing interest in the economic theses of Karl Marx and, especially, in his Labor Theory of Value. The notion that animates this text argues that the multiple objections that have been raised about it actually point to versions and...

Following Smith's line of argument, we discuss the semantics of four economic principles in Chapter III of the 'Wealth of Nations' that compose Adam Smith's famous proposition “that division of labour is limited by the extent of the market.” We apply the Natural Semantic Metalanguage...