Pricing of public utilities has long been discussed after Hotteling (1947), and most preceding arguments have provided a negative answer to the question to attain a Pareto-efficient allocation in an economy with non-convex production possibilities. Contrasting to these, Kamiya (1995) provided an...

This is a new formal framework for the theory of competitive equilibrium and its applications. Our “short-run approach” means the calculation of long-run producer optima and general equilibria from the short-run solutions to the producer’s profit maximization programme and its dual. The...

The Wong-Viner Envelope Theorem on the equality of long-run and short-run marginal costs (LRMC and SRMC) is reformulated for convex but generally nondifferentiable cost functions. The marginal cost can be formalized as the multi-valued subdifferential a.k.a. the subgradient set but, in itself,...

Incentive rates applicable to industrialcustomers are presently receiving a great deal ofattention and increased acceptance. Thisrepresents a substantial change in attitude,particularly on the part of the regulatorycommissions; a few years ago any proposal relatedto an incentive type rate would...

One of the many reasons why industries tend to co-locate in a general vicinity is the availability of factors of production. A manufacturer can achieve great savings if his production facility is located near his major raw material supplier. Since many intermediate industrial products are...