A donation may have ambiguous costs or ambiguous benefits. Behavior in a laboratory experiment suggests that individuals use this ambiguity strategically as a moral wiggle room to act less generously without feeling guilty. Such excuse-driven behavior is more pronounced when the costs of a...

The literature typically attributes the Allais Paradox to a violation of the Independence Axiom. We present experimental data showing that violations of the Reduction of Compound Lotteries Axiom are significantly more problematic, and our findings are robust to both choice and pricing tasks. We...

Beliefs are intuitive if they rely on associative memory, which can be described as a network of associations between events. A belief-theoretic characterization of the model is provided, its uniqueness properties are established, and the intersection with the Bayesian model is characterized....

The purpose of this article is to evaluate optimal expected utility risk measures (OEU) in a risk- constrained portfolio optimization context where the expected portfolio return is maximized. We compare the portfolio optimization with OEU constraint to a portfolio selection model using value at...

Knightian Uncertainty represents a situation in which it is no longer possible to form expectations about future events. We propose the first method to directly measure Knightian Uncertainty. Our approach relies on firm-level data and measures the share of firms that are not able to formalize...

We provide a theory of decision under ambiguity in which the worst-case and best-case expected utility representations are sufficient statistics for a decision maker's preferences; we refer to the new utility functions as meta-utilities. Our approach, which generalizes many of the commonly used...

This paper studies when stochastic choices are consistent with behavior from Bayesian expected utility maximization and information acquisition. This is a limited dataset since other characterization require state-dependent stochastic choice data. The conditions that characterize this behavior...

This paper studies the expected utility maximization problem with respect to a controlled state process with multiple noises, whose pairwise correlations are equal and ambiguous. Using the G-expectation theory, we solve for the robust stochastic controls explicitly from a...

We study how the separation between time and risk preferences relates to a new behavioral property that generalizes impatience to stochastic environments: Stochastic Impatience. We show that Stochastic Impatience holds if and only if risk aversion is \not too high" relative to the inverse...