FRTB proposes Indirect Approach (IA) to address data challenges during period of stress for calculating stress Expected Shortfall (ES) under Internal Model Method (IMM). Unlike other topics like Non-Modellable Risk Factors (NMRF) and Profit and Loss Attribution Test (PLAT), Indirect Approach...

Risk decomposition is a standard tool for analyzing investment portfolio risk. The portfolio is divided into notional parts—e.g., individual securities, holdings by sector or region, factor exposures—whose contributions to net risk are estimated and reported. Convention regards the...

Interest rate data are an important element of macroeconomic forecasting. Projections of future interest rates are not only an important product themselves, but also typically matter for forecasting other macroeconomic and financial variables. A popular class of forecasting models is linear...

Recently, such probabilistic, statistical, and numerical methods related concerns are in globally popular press related to cybersecurity controls and compliance. Earlier, similar probabilistic, statistical, and numerical methods related concerns were in the global popular press in the context of...

Distortion risk measure (DRM) plays a crucial role in risk measuring and managing, especially in insurance pricing. Various DRMs have been introduced but little is discussed about which DRM at hand should be chosen to address a decision maker (DM)'s risk attitude. This paper aims to fill out the...