Although the movement of people from rural to urban areas has caused the increased use of energy, the abundance of water resources can be made into a form of renewable energy known as hydroelectricity. As European countries are ranked as the first users and exporters of hydropower, the...

This paper investigates the impact of the money supply in different states of inflation and economic growth in South Africa from 1990 to 2021. The term "states" defines periods of low and high rates of economic variables of interest. Markov-switching dynamic regression (MSDRM) and time-varying...

The role of climate change on economic performance and output has been studied extensively in the empirical literature, however, its distributional effects have received little attention. This paper attempts to fill this gap by investigating whether climate shocks affect income inequality in a...

We examine the response of the news-based Corruption Reflection Index (CRI) to positive shocks in oil revenues in Iran. Using annual data from 1962 to 2019, we employ the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and analyze impulse response functions. Our findings reveal a positive and significant...

In this paper, I document empirical evidence that an external shock in capital inflows leads to an increase in income inequality in advanced economies and causes a decline in income inequality in emerging market economies. I estimate a panel VAR model with an annual dataset on 53 countries over...