Background: The classical mathematical formulation of the vendor-managed inventory (VMI) model assumes an infinite planning horizon, and consequently, the solution derived ignored the impact of the first cycle. The classical formulation is associated with another implicit assumption that input...

In this article, an imperfect vendor-buyer inventory system with stochastic demand, process quality control and learning in production is investigated. It is assumed that there are learning in production and investment for process quality improvement at the vendor’s end, and lot-size dependent...