Most private giving between living generations takes the form of "tied" transfers, such as help with housing downpayments. We argue that parents provide help with downpayments in order to encourage the production of grandchildren, and that such a subsidization emanates from the "demonstration...

Taymaz E. and Kilicaslan Y. (2005) Determinants of subcontracting and regional development: an empirical study on Turkish textile and engineering industries, Regional Studies 39 , 633-645. Recent studies on small- and medium-sized establishments emphasize the importance of networking and...