Optimal control of partial differential equations arises in population ecology, economics, and demography. The consistency of mathematical treatment is demonstrated for the Lotka-McKendrick model and its nonlinear modifications of increasing complexity. The obtained qualitative optimal dynamics...

We discuss two different ways of evolution for chromosomes and genomes. Purifying selection dominates in large panmictic populations, where the Mendelian law of independent gene assortment is valid. If instead the populations are small, recombination processes are not effective enough to ensure...