We investigate empirically the impact of electronic market-makers on the reliability and the consistency with which financial markets provide transactional liquidity services. Our analysis is based on proprietary intraday data from U.S. futures markets. We document results of considerable...

The finance industry has grown, financial markets have become more liquid, information technology has undergone a revolution. But have market prices become more informative? We derive a welfare-based measure of price informativeness: the predicted variation of future cash flows from current...

We study a simple model of market making in which high-frequency market makers can cancel limit orders quickly after receiving an adverse signal. The resulting winner's curse induces low-frequency market makers to widen bid-ask spreads. Liquidity in the market may deteriorate unless...

We build an agent-based model to study how the interplay between low- and high-frequency trading affects asset price dynamics. Our main goal is to investigate whether high-frequency trading exacerbates market volatility and generates flash crashes. In the model, low-frequency agents adopt...

Under the background of the electronic security trading platform Xetra operated by Frankfurt Stock Exchange, we consider the Xetra auction market system (XAMS) from 'bottom-up', which the interaction among heterogeneous traders and Xetra auction market mechanism generates non-equilibrium price...

A micro-scale model is proposed for the evolution of a limit order book in modern high-frequency trading applications. Within this model, order flows are described by doubly stochastic Poisson processes (also called Cox processes) taking account of the stochastic character of the intensities of...

This is the internet appendix for "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders". The paper "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders" to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: "http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446" http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446