This study attempts to accelerate the learning ability of an artifcial electric feld algorithm (AEFA) by attributing it with two mechanisms: elitism and oppositionbased learning. Elitism advances the convergence of the AEFA towards global optima by retaining the fne-tuned solutions obtained thus...

Efficient route management is critical for optimizing maintenance activities in real estate management. This study delves into the intricate task of allocating maintenance duties among building surveyors, a pivotal concern for property management firms. The primary goal of route planning is to...