Machine learning algorithms are becoming ubiquitous in modern life. When used to help inform human decision making, they have been criticized by some for insufficient accuracy, an absence of transparency, and unfairness. Many of these concerns can be legitimate, although they are less convincing...

The widespread use of algorithmic technologies makes rules on tacit collusion, which are already controversial in antitrust law, more complicated. These rules have obvious limitations in effectively regulating algorithmic collusion. Although some scholars and practitioners within antitrust...

This research presents a crow search algorithm (CSA) for reducing the cellular network cost when reporting the cell planning (RCP) scheme. In cellular systems, the RCP scheme is used to maintain location. We employ CSA as an optimization tool because it is a bio-inspired optimization technique....