The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) and determine its impact on the management processes of international companies. A methodology was created to optimise international business processes, including introducing AI to improve management efficiency,...

Portfolio optimization, which is performed while investing in any asset, is an important issue for all investors and finance researchers. In this study, the Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm (AHA), which has been proposed in recent years, was implemented for portfolio optimization by...