into account the heterogeneity of WAEMU banks' balance sheets. The methodology adopted to achieve this objective is VAR … banks' balance sheets contributes to the reinforcement of the financial crowding-out effect in the WAEMU. This crowding … proportion of sovereign debt on their balance sheets. The high proportion of sovereign debt on banks' balance sheets creates …

account balance (defined as the cross-country sum of absolute values of current account) narrowed significantly in 2023, while … the excess global current account balance (in excess of the current account norms) has remained broadly unchanged relative …

, such as public debt, external debt, primary balance, output growth, current account balance, and oil prices, over the … associated with the primary balance mainly due to the decrease in the primary balance from -3.5% in 2019 to -0.9% in 2020. This …