To achieve social and environmental sustainability, humankind must balance satisfying human needs and preventing ecological collapse. The material footprint-the total materials required for production and consumption-plays a crucial role in this dynamic. This study uses data from 151 countries...

Circularity has advanced to a key strategy for transforming our society: closing the loop is expected to enable economic profits independent of resource consumption and its associated environmental impacts (Blomsma & Brennan, 2017; Bocken et al., 2021; Circle economy, 2023; Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2019;...