New physical constraints emerged in the 20th century and are changing the decision criteria used until now. Two optimisation problems are equivalent: (1) maximising discounted utility with a long-run survival constraint and (2) maximising a new type of utility that treats the present and future...

New physical constraints emerged in the 20th century and are changing the decision criteria used until now. Two optimisation problems are equivalent: (1) maximising discounted utility with a long-run survival constraint and (2) maximising a new type of utility that treats the present and future...

This paper presents empirical results of a wide range of multidimensional poverty measures for: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay, for the period 1992–2006. Six dimensions are analysed: income, child attendance at school, education of the household head, sanitation,...

In der gesellschaftlichen Diskussion wird derzeit das Risiko zunehmender Altersarmut in Ostdeutschland thematisiert. Begründet wird dies unter anderem mit der hohen Arbeitslosigkeit und den dadurch unterbrochenen Erwerbsbiographien sowie den oftmals niedrigen Arbeitseinkommen, die nur geringe...