Purpose This paper aims to propose a bi-level mixed integer linear location-allocation problem. The upper-level objective function is dedicated to minimizing the total distances covered by customers to meet the p -selected facilities and the fixed cost values for establishing these facilities....

We calibrate Linear and Mixed Integer Programs with a bi-level estimator, minimizing under First-order-conditions (FOC) conditions a penalty function considering the calibration fit and deviations from given parameters. To deal with non-convexity, a heuristic generates restart points from...