This text discusses the regulatory frameworks of public transport systems for urban bus, featuring their main variables and assessing their impact on economic, financial and operational services. Initially, it tried to clarify the reasons for the regulation of urban bus systems from a review of...

This text discusses the regulatory frameworks of public transport systems for urban bus, featuring their main variables and assessing their impact on economic, financial and operational services. Initially, it tried to clarify the reasons for the regulation of urban bus systems from a review of...

Subsidies are considered important means to facilitate the provision of public transit, yet the empirical evidence implies that they can have harming effects on costs and possibly also on operators' performance. This paper examines the impacts of deficit-balancing subsidies on the cost...

Subsidies are considered important means to facilitate the provision of public transit, yet the empirical evidence implies that they can have harming effects on costs and possibly also on operators' performance. This paper examines the impacts of deficit-balancing subsidies on the cost...

This paper examines the impact of endogenous deficit-balancing subsidies on the cost efficiency of local public bus companies by using alternative frontier cost models for panel data. Thereby, the multidimensional performance estimation incorporates the subsidy variable directly. The empirical...