and irresistible causal forces in this conduct. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine SID-making (SIDM … irresistible causal forces and illuminating why actors might not resist in SIDM processes, despite having the potential to do so. …

managers= expectations about trends, which we call ?causal forces.? Time series are described in terms of 28 conditions, which … procedures. In a series of studies, rules based on causal forces improved the selection of forecasting methods, the structuring …

express causal impacts upon trends: growth, decay, supporting, opposing, and regressing. An identification of causal forces … by this analysis was: "Do not extrapolate trends if they are contrary to causal forces." We tested this rule by comparing … accuracy when tested on 104 annual economic and demographic time series. Gains in accuracy were greatest when (1) the causal …