We describe analytic approaches for study designs that, like large simple trials, can be better characterized as longitudinal studies with baseline randomization than as either a pure randomized experiment or a purely observational study. We (i) discuss the intention-to-treat effect as an effect...

We consider a method for extending instrumental variables methods in order to estimate the overall effect of a treatment or exposure. The approach is designed for settings in which the instrument influences both the treatment of interest and a secondary treatment also influenced by the primary...

Standard statistical analyses of observational data often exclude valuable information from individuals with incomplete measurements. This may lead to biased estimates of the treatment effect and loss of precision. The issue of missing data for inverse probability of treatment weighted...

Consider a longitudinal observational or controlled study in which one collects chronological data over time on a random sample of subjects. The time-dependent process one observes on each subject contains time-dependent covariates, time-dependent treatment actions, and an outcome process or...