According to Article 14 of the Paris Agreement, the global stocktake (GST) aims to assess collective progress on the long-term goals of the agreement and will be undertaken considering equity and the best available science. While “fair share” frameworks have been suggested to assess equity...

Is inequality within countries relevant for global climate policy? Most burden-sharing proposals for climate mitigation treat states as homogenous agents, even those that aim to protect individual rights. This can lead to free riders in some large emerging economies and expose the poor to...