Product returns are a source of valuable information that can be used by firms and supply chains to improve products, services, and decision making. However, firms are struggling to maximize the value of this information, and the extant scholarly literature is scattered among various research...

Remanufacturing reduces final wastes to sinks, extraction of virgin materials and pollution from production processes by reinstating products taken back by end-users to satisfy part of overall demand. Product returns are delayed and possibly limited in periods of fast growth and excessive in the...