Logistics network design is a major strategic issue in supply chain management of both forward and reverse flow, which industrial players are forced but not equipped to handle. To avoid sub-optimal solution derived by separated design, we consider an integrated forward reverse logistics network...

Consider a remanufacturing system consisting of a brand, a new component supplier (Supplier N), and a remanufactured component supplier (Supplier R). The brand priorly purchases remanufactured components and then assembles them into final products, while Supplier R collects the end-of-life...