The global cocoa trade network is highly concentrated. The top 5 producers account for 75 percent of exports. Although … recent research shows that agricultural trade was resilient to the 2020 pandemic, cocoa is one of the most affected goods …. This paper estimates the effects of international shocks, in general, and COVID-19 on the global cocoa trade. We find that …

Specialization in labor-intensive export crops, such as organic cocoa, can exacerbate gender inequality if production …, particularly outside of West Africa. Using gender-disaggregated data from cocoa farm households in Peru, we examine how … participation in certified organic cocoa production is associated with the intra-household division of labor and domains of women …

-wave panel data set of 365 cocoa producing households and publicly available satellite climate data, we investigate whether the … suitability, we find that this effect holds only in regions that are climatically suitable for cocoa production. In contrast, we …

exports, cocoa beans exports, and economic growth. Findings further revealed both cashew nuts and cocoa beans exports have a … cocoa bean exports is greater than that of cashew nuts exports on the economic growth of Ghana. The Granger causality test … revealed the existence of a unidirectional (one-way) causality running from economic growth to both the cashew nuts and cocoa …

The COVID-19 pandemic generated diverse impacts and responses in agricultural value chains worldwide. Cocoa is a key … severity of impacts and responses implemented by two links in the cocoa value chain to the pandemic, based on a survey of 158 … cocoa farmers and 52 cocoa intermediaries from the main cocoa-producing provinces of the northern coast of Ecuador in 2021 …

social upgrading /downgrading of smallholders and Abusa sharecroppers in Ghana's cocoa value chain (GCVC). The findings are …