This paper cautions against the use of consumer protection as a Trojan horse for broader regulation of third-party litigation funding (TPLF) in the EU. The EU already operates a uniform consumer protection framework that prevents adverse outcomes for consumers across the board, including legal...

Regulation shapes the boundaries of firms. When prudential standards bind asymmetrically across subsidiaries of an integrated organization, internal capital markets become a mechanism for regulatory arbitrage. We study this in U.S. banking, where holding companies encompass both heavily...

This paper links microeconomic theory with the political economy of regulation. We explain why modern economies tend to become persistently over-regulated and we outline a practical strategy for deregulation. We argue that regulations are not the works of a benevolent central planner but rather...

Most barriers to trade in services stem from regulatory measures. This study assesses the degree of regulatory restrictiveness affecting trade in services across Latin America and the Caribbean and the degree of disparities in these measures. It then analyzes the impact of both the level of...

The rapid rise of live-streaming e-commerce has fostered a new "content clipping" model, in which secondary creators edit and republish anchors' live-streaming content to promote product sales. While this model can expand market reach and enhance revenue, it also introduces copyright disputes,...

Internal ratings-based models play a central role in bank risk management and regulatory capital determination, yet their validation remains methodologically challenging and operationally resourceintensive. In this paper, we contribute to the quantitative validation of probability of default...

Foreword: Social Housing in Times of TransformationThe Danish housing sector, which most closely resembles "social housing" in other countries, is the "public housing" sector (although it is privately owned). It is open to anyone who signs up for a waiting list - regardless of income and family...

Ceremonies are central to social life, yet the pressure to conform to community spending norms traps households in a collectively suboptimal equilibrium, imposing severe financial burdens. Using nationally and regionally representative longitudinal data from Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, we...

We introduce a choice-set approach to defining markets and a novel method to empirically recover geographic markets using machine learning, Spatial and Categorical Bayesian Clustering (SCBC). SCBC leverages the identity of the seller for each observation to capture market structures in a novel...