The global surge in independent fiscal councils (IFCs) raises three related questions: How can IFCs improve the conduct of fiscal policy? Are they simultaneously desirable for voters and elected policymakers? And are they resilient to changes in political conditions? We build a model in which...

This report evaluates the state of fiscal transparency in Georgia. Georgia has taken important steps to enhance its fiscal transparency practices over the past decade. Fiscal reports have become more comprehensive, with the development of a central government balance sheet and income statement....

This report assesses fiscal transparency practices in Brazil in relation to the requirements of the IMF Fiscal Transparency Code. Brazil's practices meet many of the principles of the code at good or advanced levels. Fiscal statistics encompass the general government sector and recognize most of...

This paper evaluates the status of fiscal transparency in Uganda, where some key elements of fiscal transparency are in place. These have been augmented in recent years through a number of reforms. The Public Finance Management Act 2015 specifies the budget calendar, the main contents of budget...

This paper discusses findings of the evaluation of fiscal transparency in Turkey. As a result of several reforms, Turkey has made significant progress against the 36 principles of the IMF's new Fiscal Transparency Code. Of the 36 principles in the Code, Turkey now meets 10 principles at the...

We develop a new measure of relative debt transparency by comparing the amount of state debt reported in the annual Census survey and the amount reported in the statistical section of the state Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). GASB 44 requires states to start reporting their total...

The global surge in independent fiscal councils (IFCs) raises three related questions: How can IFCs improve the conduct of fiscal policy? Are they simultaneously desirable for voters and elected policymakers? And are they resilient to changes in political conditions? We build a model in which...

The United States patent regime is a quintessential notice system. Implicit in its design is the concept that one attempting to license a patent can identify those who hold the requisite rights and the territory that the patent holders claim as their own. As the system has evolved, however, it...

A report prepared for EMEAP by Marlene Amstad, Steven Kong, Frank Packer and Eli Remolona at the request of Mr Grant Spencer, Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and Chair of the EMEAP Working Group on Financial Markets.The eight local currency bond markets in which the Asian Bond...