Fresh agricultural products have significant seasonality and perishability, and their cross-regional sales often face differences in market demand, price, and sales volume. In the context of government quality regulation, competition among retailers in different regions drives supply chain...

This paper investigates the efficiency effects of governing vertical relationships by analyzing the incentives of firms to engage in exclusive contracts. In particular, the analysis focuses on the subcontracting context. When a downstream firm possesses a superior bargaining position, upstream...